Wheat breeding has been carried out on both
bread and durum wheat.
Bread
wheat :
- Rainfed conditions
- Irrigated conditions
Breeding has
been carried out for both conditions but, material and source allocation are
about 75 % for rainfed, 25 % for irrigated. About 500 crosses are made annually
in bread wheat program for both conditions in total.
Durum wheat :
Winter durum
breeding has been carried out for rainfed conditions of Central Anatolia and
Transitional Zones. Durum wheat program is about 30 % of bread wheat program in
terms of material and source allocation. About 300 crosses are made annually in
the program.
Breeding
objectives for bread and durum wheat are:
- Winter hardiness,
- Drought resistance in rainfed conditions,
- High yielding ability (to get better
response to better conditions),
- Yield stability,
- Earliness (medium earliness is desirable
not to get caught late frost in spring and to get better advantage of late
May-early June rainfall),
- Wide adaptation,
- Good bread-making and macaroni quality,
- Resistance to diseases (yellow rust, stem
rust, common bunt, loose smut, SBWMV)
Breeding Methodology
Same breeding
methodology has been applied both in bread and durum wheat.
- Segregating
material : Modified Bulk method (F2-F4 , in
Eskişehir)
- F5 single head rows (25-75 head rows/cross, in
Eskişehir)
- Observation
nurseries (1000-2500 entry; 6 rows x 3 m machine planting in Eskişehir, 2 rows x 2 m hand planting in Hamidiye).
Checks are Gerek79, Altay2000, Müfitbey, and Tosunbey(Rf), Alpu01,Sultan95, Çetinel,
Yunus, Konya2002 (Irr.), Kunduru1149, Dumlupınar, Yelken2000, Eminbey and
Kızıltan (Durum)
- Preliminary
Yield Trial (300-700 entry; 4 rows x 5 m in Eskişehir, Hamidiye; Checks are Gerek79,
Bezostaya1, Müfitbey, Harmankaya99 and Altay2000 (RF), Bezostaya1, Sultan95, Yunus
and Çetinel2000 (Irr.), Kunduru1149, Altıntaş, Yelken2000, Eminbey and Kızıltan
(Durum)
- Yield Trial
RF 110 new entry + 11 checks, Irr. 112 new entry + 9 checks,
Durum 76 new entry + 5 checks
- Regional Yield Trial (RYT)
20 new entry +4 checks (6-8 Locations in
the region)
- National Winter Wheat Trial (NWWT)
Selected 4-5
best entry from RYT are submitted to the National Coordination Center from each
5 Institutes in Winter Zone,Edirne, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Ankara and Konya. These
lines are tested in 10-12 locations of Central Anatolia
and Transitional Zones.
Promising lines
from NWWT are submitted to the National Variety Testing Institute (NVTI) for
final evaluation and registration as new cultivars. Lines are grown in NVTI
trials in 15-20 different locations of Central Anatolia and Transitional Zones
for 2 years. Any line better than standards is registered as a new cultivar.
Thirtyeight
bread wheat and 6 durum wheat cultivars were developed by AARI since its
foundation (Table 1). Presently, some of them have been grown extensively by
the farmers.
Table
1. Wheat cultivars developed by TZARI
BREAD
WHEAT (RF) | BREAD
WHEAT (RF) | BREAD
WHEAT (IRR) | DURUM |
Ak 702 | Kırgız95 | Yektay406 | 185-1 |
Sertak 52 | Süzen97 | Porsuk2800 | Kümbet2000 |
Yayla 305 | Aytın98 | Atay85 | Yelken2000 |
Melez13 | Harmankaya99 | ES14 | Dumlupınar |
4-11 | Altay2000 | Sultan95 | Kunduru1149 |
4-22 | Sönmez01 | Yıldız98 | Altıntaş95 |
P8-6 | İzgi01 | Çetinel2000 |
|
P8-8 | Soyer02 | Alpu01 |
|
Kıraç66 | Müfitbey | Yunus |
|
Bolal2973 | Nacibey |
|
|
Bezostaya 1 | ES 26 |
|
|
Gerek79 | Mesut |
|
|
ES86-7 | Reis |
|
|
Kutluk94 | |
|
|
Barley
Breeding
Breeding studies
on Barley at the institute have been carried out since foundation of the
institute. Methodology used for improving new varieties is very like to that of
Wheat Breeding.
Breeding objectives :
-to develop
cultivars which are:
-suitable
for irrigated and dry farm areas of Central Plateau and Transitional Regions of
Anatolia,
-tolerant
to winter hardiness,
-resistant
to disease (stem rust, SBWMV, smut, Helminthosporium gramineum H.teres, H.sativum, Rhincosporium spp.)
-have high
yielding ability,
-resistant
for lodging,
-tolerant
to drought,
-tolerant
to Zn deficiency, B toxicity,
-have high
malt and feeding quality.
Table2. Barley varieties released by TZARI
BARLEY |
Güzak |
Cumhuriyet-50 |
Yerçil-147 |
Hamidiye-85 |
Erginel-90 |
Bilgi-91 |
Kalaycı-97 |
Çıldır-02 |
İnce-04 |
Özdemir-05 |
Keser |
Ünver |